Ever for the reason that thinker Friedrich Nietzsche introduced that “God is useless,” it has been trendy to query the historic authenticity of Jesus. Over the last century, quite a few books addressed the difficulty. One in all these, Caesar’s Messiah (2011), by Joseph Atwill, is consultant and argues that the Flavian dynasty invented Christianity to create a inhabitants of docile topics prepared to “flip the opposite cheek” and passively settle for Roman rule. The Flavians (Vespasian, Titus and Domitian) dominated the political panorama of Rome between 69-96 CE, a time interval that overlaps with the composition of the 4 gospels. I learn Atwill’s e book however will say no extra about it. I’ve an excessive amount of respect for my readers to waste their time eviscerating Atwill. That may be a pointless train. Readers deserve higher.
Whilst skepticism about Jesus was gaining floor within the nineteenth century, new proof emerged in assist of the historic Jesus. Within the Eighties, a Russian explorer, Nicolas Notovitch made an intensive journey by central Asia, and on his return to Europe went public with sensational claims that rocked the Christian world. Notovitch mentioned he had visited a Buddhist monastery in northern Kashmir the place he was proven historic manuscripts about Jesus who was often known as “Issa”. By the way, this simply occurs to be the title for Jesus within the Koran. Assuming Notovitch was telling the reality, this new proof strongly supported the historic underpinnings of Christianity. However was he on the extent?
Notovitch was born in Crimea in 1858, the son of Jewish dad and mom. Nevertheless, in his youthful years he transformed to the Jap Orthodox Church after an intensive research of faith. On getting back from Asia, he tried to curiosity Vatican officers in a preliminary draft for a e book he had written about his journey that included a translation of the alleged Buddhist manuscripts. Nevertheless, in Rome, a cardinal whom Notovitch describes as “very near the Holy Father” was lower than enthusiastic, and replied: “What good wouldn’t it do to print this? No person will connect to it any nice significance and you’ll create a variety of enemies.” The cardinal provided to reimburse him for his time and bother; however Notovitch refused. In Paris, he additionally mentioned a e book venture with Cardinal Rotelli who additionally tried to dissuade him.
Though I used to be not stunned to study this resistance from the Roman Church, I used to be dissatisfied nonetheless. One may need hoped for a extra open-minded angle on condition that the 4 gospels have completely nothing to say concerning the so known as “misplaced years,” the roughly 17-year interval within the lifetime of Jesus between the ages of 13 and thirty when his public ministry started in Palestine. Over many centuries, the misplaced years have remained a historic void and a query mark. Absolutely the difficulty qualifies as a thriller, and one deserving of a critical investigation.
Because it occurred, Notovitch was a really persistent particular person and his e book, The Lifetime of Saint Issa ultimately noticed print, first in French, then in English underneath a distinct title, The Unknown Lifetime of Christ. It was a right away success. In 1894, the e book went by eight editions in France. Three completely different English translations additionally appeared within the US, plus one other in Britain the next yr. Translations in German, Swedish, Italian and Spanish additionally adopted. Over the course of his life, Notovitch printed eleven books however is solely remembered for this one concerning the misplaced years.
To say the e book was controversial can be an understatement. Though some reviewers welcomed it whereas questioning the reliability of Buddhist sources about Christ, others had been overtly hostile. Writing within the North American Overview in Could 1894, Edward Everett Hale, a distinguished Unitarian minister, not solely doubted the existence of the alleged Buddhist supply paperwork however even the existence of the Hemis monastery. Hale accused Notovitch of confabulating the entire thing. (The Unknown Lifetime of Christ, North American Overview, Vol 158, 1894, pp. 595-601)
Nor was he alone. That very same yr, famend German Orientalist and Oxford professor Max Muller posted an acerbic evaluation within the broadly learn English month-to-month journal, The Nineteenth Century. Muller’s fame as a scholar was appreciable as he had printed the primary translation of the Rig Veda. In his evaluation Muller accused Notovitch of fraud. Muller mentioned he doubted the creator had really visited Hemis. However even when he had, the lamas there in all probability had duped him. Muller additionally cited Moravian missionaries and English officers who had visited Leh, the capital of Ladakh, the place they made inquiries however discovered no proof of Notovitch’s presence. (Max Muller, The Alleged Sojourn of Christ in India, The Nineteenth Century, Vol. 36, October 1894, pp. 515-522.
Responding in his personal protection, Notovitch vigorously denied he had solid the alleged Buddhist manuscripts, claiming,“My creativeness just isn’t so fertile.” He inspired others to go to Ladakh to confirm the invention for themselves, whereas recommending the sort of “jap diplomacy” he had realized to make use of on his travels, in different phrases, an oblique method to construct belief and allay native issues about western motives. He defined why direct inquires had been prone to fail: residents of northern Kashmir and Tibet had realized way back for good motive to be cautious of westerners. For hundreds of years, Europeans had been looting the area’s treasures. Any westerner who confirmed up asking a couple of Buddhist manuscript was sure to evoke suspicion, and would doubtless be postpone. Notovitch additionally volunteered the names of people who may confirm his presence in Ladakh, together with a European physician who had handled him in Leh. Lastly, he recommended that as a substitute of attacking him, critics ought to deal with the Buddhist manuscripts and decide whether or not he had faithfully transcribed them. (For sources see Elizabeth Claire Prophet, The Misplaced Years of Jesus, 1984, Summit College Press, chapter one)
The controversy boiled over in 1896, when James Archibald Douglas, a former professor of English and historical past at Authorities Faculty in Agra, India, posted an article in the identical periodical that had printed Muller’s evaluation. It appears that evidently Douglas had adopted Notovitch’s recommendation. He made the lengthy journey to the Hemis monastery the place he met with the chief lama and offered him with ten questions. Douglas introduced alongside an interpreter who additionally served as his witness. Based on Douglas, the lama mentioned he had been abbot of the monastery for fifteen years and categorically denied that any Russian had visited Hemis within the latest previous. Nevertheless, when proven a photograph of Notovitch, the lama apparently acknowledged him and acknowledged that he may need mistaken Notovitch for an “English Sahib.” On this foundation Douglas conceded that Notovitch would possibly certainly have visited the monastery and would possibly even have met the abbot. After making cautious inquires, Douglas ascertained that the alleged physician at Leh Hospital had certainly handled a Russian by the title of Notovitch. On this method parts of Notovitch’s account had been substantiated.
Nonetheless, Douglas claimed in his evaluation that he obtained an affidavit signed on June 3, 1895 by the chief lama emphatically denying the existence of the alleged manuscripts about Issa. In response to query quantity 5, the lama mentioned he had been a lama for forty-two years and was properly acquainted with all the Buddhist books and manuscripts, and had by no means heard of 1 that mentions the title “Issa.” Douglas’s evaluation included the textual content of the affidavit and a short endorsement by his interpreter and witness, Shahmwell Joldan, former postmaster of Ladakh. Douglas additionally connected a postscript by Max Muller who crowed that the affidavit was “not solely a refutation [of Notovitch] however an annihilation.” (J. Douglas Archibald, The Chief Lama of Hemis on the Alleged “Unknown Lifetime of Christ”, The Nineteenth Century, Vol. 39, April 1896, pp. 667-678.
The evaluation by Douglas severely broken Notovitch’s fame. Guide gross sales suffered; and that’s the place issues stood for a few years. Nevertheless, the controversy was removed from over. The subsequent chapter would contain Swami Abhedananda, one of many principal disciples of the Indian saint Ramakrishna, in all probability a very powerful religious determine of the nineteenth century (on earth). His life is completely documented and the information are astonishing. Abhedananda as soon as described his trainer as follows:
One in all his disciples got here to him and mentioned: “Sir, individuals assume you might be gone mad, or you might be within the behavior of consuming.” He answered: “What individuals say is true. I’m within the behavior of consuming the wine of affection. [But] I don’t drink any earthly drink….Within the madhouse of the world, who just isn’t mad? Some are mad for wives, some for husbands, and others for title or fame or place; present me one on this world who just isn’t mad for something in any respect. I’m not mad for something on this world however for God who’s everlasting and eternal.” (Full Works of Abhedananda, Vol. I, 1967, p. 497.
However again to Abhedananda. Born in Calcutta in 1866, the son of a professor of English, Abhedananda was multi-lingual from a younger age and a precocious scholar of literature from each East and West. In 1884, on the age of eighteen, he grew to become a disciple of Ramakrishna. Subsequently, he spent years wandering the size and breadth of northern India, barefoot, with no cash, visiting holy websites, looking for out the corporate of God-realized saints, enduring privations and practising renunciation. Throughout this era the Swami as soon as made his residence in a cave within the Himalayas close to the supply of the Ganges; and there handed three months. Plainly, he was no odd fellow. Wikipedia describes Abhedananda as “a forceful orator, prolific author, yogi and mental with devotional fervor.”
No sooner did Abhedananda arrive in London in 1896 than he realized, a lot to his dismay, that his fraternal superior, Swami Vivekananda, had organized for him to ship a lecture to an English viewers about Vedanta, the Indian philosophy primarily based on the Vedas. Abhedananda was aghast as a result of he had no expertise as a public speaker. In all of his life he had by no means addressed an viewers, not even in India. But, in response to numerous accounts, that night Abhedananda pulled it off and delivered a superb lecture to a capability crowd. Clearly it had been a check. Vivekananda was delighted and, quickly after, departed England for India assured he was leaving Ramakrishna’s religious mission to the West in succesful arms. Abhedananda was quickly in demand as a speaker earlier than assemblies and universities, first in Europe, then within the US. Within the course of he got here to know many distinguished people, together with none aside from the redoubtable Max Muller. The 2 apparently met in London, grew to become associates, and corresponded till Muller’s loss of life.
Each males had been students and shared a standard curiosity in Ramakrishna. Muller in all probability relished the chance to be taught extra concerning the ecstatic saint firsthand from his new acquaintance. Their conversations absolutely contributed to the preparation of Muller’s personal e book on the topic, Ramakrishna: His Life and Sayings, printed in 1898, two years earlier than his loss of life, and nonetheless in print at the moment. In 1900, Abhedananda paid tribute to his buddy at a funereal ceremony in New York in honor of Muller sponsored by the philosophy and philology departments at Columbia College.
Sadly, to my data there is no such thing as a document of their conversations which absolutely ranged over many matters, together with the controversy surrounding Notovitch’s e book concerning the misplaced years. Though I can’t show it, I believe the talks with Muller fired Abhedananda’s curiosity, which developed into a private willpower to unravel the matter. It’s a protected guess Muller would have been shocked by the controversy’s eventual final result and backbone in Notovitch’s favor; which I’ll get to shortly. Sadly, Muller didn’t dwell to see it.
I’ve already talked about Ramakrishna’s different hand-picked disciple, Vivekananda, who preceded his religious brother Abhedananda to the West by a number of years. Right here, I’ll say a couple of extra phrases about him. Vivekananda was the primary Indian yogi and saint to go to the USA and Britain. He gained notoriety in Chicago in 1893 on the World Congress of Religions the place he delivered a stirring handle that was the hit of the convention. Thereafter, he was continually in demand as a speaker. (Christopher Isherwood, Ramakrishna and His Disciples, 1959, Simon and Schuster, p. 321)
Subsequently, Vivekananda traveled across the jap and central US instructing yoga, founding meditation facilities, writing, and usually introducing People to jap religious practices. In 1896, he was again in London to welcome the arrival of Abhedananda whom he quickly prepped to take over on his behalf. Vivekananda then returned to India. He handed away in 1902.
Abhedananda spent the following quarter of a century within the West: first, ten months in London and Europe, then within the US the place he took cost of the New York Vedanta Society. He taught courses, gave lectures and administered a rising variety of yoga facilities. He additionally visited Canada and Mexico. By one account, Abhedananda felt extra at residence in America than any of his swami brothers. A lot of the final yr of this era was spent on the West coast, his time about equally divided between newly established meditation facilities in San Francisco and Los Angeles. By the way, I checked and each of them nonetheless exist at the moment. In 1921, Abhedananda sailed for Calcutta by the use of a number of stops in Southeast Asia.
His arrival residence after so a few years within the West was celebrated information throughout India. Crowds of properly wishers greeted him on the dock. However Abhedananda additionally confronted a press of administrative duties on the Ramakrishna mission and was compelled to postpone the lengthy anticipated journey to Ladakh till the next yr. It was not till July 1922, on the age of fifty-six, that Abhedananda lastly set out on the arduous journey throughout the Himalayas to northern Kashmir. He went firstly by prepare, then bus, then on foot over the 11,500 foot-high Zoji-la cross that separates the luxurious vale of Kashmir from the excessive elevation desert moonscape of Ladakh. The swami saved an in depth diary of the journey and his time on the Hemis monastery the place he met the chief lama and the resident monks and was proven the exact same manuscripts about Issa examined by Notovitch. Ably assisted by the monks, Abhedananda studied them and requested English translations. This was carried out.
Later, his diary was serialized in a yoga journal, and a e book about his journey was edited by his assistant (who had accompanied him) and printed in 1929 in Bengali. Sadly, Abhedananda’s necessary testimony about Notovitch and the misplaced years has been uncared for within the West, presumably as a result of an English translation underneath a brand new title, Journey into Kashmir and Tibet, didn’t turn into accessible till 1987.
It’s noteworthy that the monks on the Hemis monastery advised Abhedananda, as they beforehand had knowledgeable Notovitch, that the in-house manuscripts about Issa had been copies of originals saved at Lhasa, middle of Tibetan Buddhism. The unique manuscripts had been composed in Pali, an Indian dialect, and solely later translated into Tibetan. This isn’t shocking as a result of, as we all know, the birthplace of Buddhism was in northern India at Gaya, what’s now Bihar province.
So, it’s fairly attainable that the libraries of India maintain further proof concerning the historic Jesus and the misplaced years. Sri Daya Mata, the late President of Paramahansa Yogananda’s Self-Realization Fellowship, as soon as associated how in 1959 she interviewed Sri Bharati Krishna Tirtha, the Shankaracharya of Puri, India, who advised her he had seen historic data about Jesus within the Jagannath Temple archives at Puri, in Orissa province. (Sri Daya Mata, Remembering Paramahansa Yogananda, Self Realization Fellowship, 1992, p. 16.)
It’s even attainable that a few of this proof already reached the West, however was suppressed. Notovitch claimed that the Vatican library is in possession of a minimum of sixty-three manuscripts from Egypt, China, India and Arabia, in numerous languages, all referencing the misplaced years. Assuming these supplies exist, the doubtless motive they’ve by no means been made public is the Vatican coverage of admitting solely right-thinking students to its cloistered archives.
I can personally attest to having seen tens of 1000’s of books and scrolls within the library at Amritapuri, the ashram of Amma (the “hugging saint”) in Kerala, India in 2010. Likely, there are tons of of different libraries in India of comparable dimension or bigger. These Indian libraries grew to become much more necessary after the Chinese language invasion of Tibet in 1950 that resulted within the wholesale destruction of Buddhist monasteries and libraries throughout the nation. Manuscripts that weren’t squirreled away at the moment had been virtually actually misplaced. A remnant of Tibetan tradition survives at the moment in Ladakh as a result of the rugged area lies inside the borders of India.
The West has barely begun to research the huge corpus of jap scriptures. In any case, it has solely been 219 years since Henry Thomas Colebrooke printed the primary Sanskrit grammar in English, and the primary English translation of the Amarakosa Veda in 1805. Over the sweep of historical past that is however the blink of an eye fixed. Human civilization is vastly older than most of us have dared to think about. In my final e book, Deep Historical past and the Ages of Man (2022) I confirmed that the right timeline for human civilization is a minimum of 120,000 years. That is primarily based on the unimaginable stratigraphy of the bone caves of Britain; which is a holographic document of our planet. First investigated within the 1820s, 5 stratigraphic layers have been recognized within the caves, every with its personal distinctive assemblage of fossils. Samples from every layer have been isotopically dated, and the layers correlate climatically with 4 recognized earlier north pole positions (for a complete of 5, together with the present pole within the Arctic). Aerospace engineer Mark Carlotto discovered the previous pole positions by finding out the archeological alignments of historic websites. (Mark Carlotto, Earlier than Atlantis, 1922) I hate to disabuse my readers about science however the place of the north and south poles just isn’t a everlasting function of our planet. When the crust of the earth shifts, the poles additionally transfer by as a lot as 2,000 miles or extra. It is just as a result of current day science is in such disarray that the validity of Charles Hapgood’s concept of crustal displacement, first articulated within the Nineteen Fifties, has not but been well known. However that’s one other story. (Charles Hapgood, Earth’s Shifting Crust, 1958, Pantheon).
So, how will we resolve the seeming contradiction between Douglas’s 1896 evaluation debunking Notovitch and Abhedananda’s corroboration of him? In my view the case is an effective instance of FUBAR, i.e., F*cked up past all redemption or, to be well mannered, western hubris. Because the flip of the 20th century, westerners have taken it as a right that Douglas’s affidavit settled the matter. That’s how the New York Occasions reported it on April 19, 1896. Case closed. Later, western critics additionally discounted Abhedananda’s account as a result of the swami didn’t return from Hemis with onerous proof in hand, i.e., neither a real Buddhist manuscript nor a photograph. Whereas I agree that onerous proof within the type of pictures would have been the very best final result as a result of it might have conclusively settled the matter, the actual fact is, the exact same objection might be raised about Douglas’s affidavit. Though Douglas printed the textual content of it in his evaluation, insofar as I’m conscious, nobody has ever reported really seeing the affidavit, nor a photograph of it. So, how do we all know the affidavit even existed? This raises a variety of disturbing questions. Was Douglas the precise hoaxer, not Notovitch?
We all know Douglas corresponded with Max Muller, however there is no such thing as a proof the 2 males ever met. So, Muller’s half within the controversy can’t be construed as a ringing endorsement of Douglas. The late Elizabeth Claire Prophet experiences in her e book, The Misplaced Years of Jesus, that though she strenuously investigated Douglas-the-man she was unable to be taught something extra about him. She concluded that the whole lot we find out about James Archibald Douglas might be summarized in a single slim paragraph. Fortunately, Wikipedia gives a couple of further scraps: Douglas was born in Sheffield, England and graduated from Oxford. The author Tobias Churton provides one other related tidbit. It appears Douglas was tutor and buddy to Aleister Crowley, the reprobate occultist who based a brand new faith, Thelema (Greek for “the need”), really only a new type of the oldest faith of all of them, i.e. Satanism. Crowley repudiated Christianity as a younger man and have become a practitioner of the darkish arts. This apparently included intercourse orgies, blood sacrifices, and using spells, ceremonies and incantations to summon demonic entities. Crowley’s actions in Italy had been sufficiently scandalous that Benito Mussolini had him deported in 1923. After I checked, I used to be struck by the curious resemblance of Crowley’s image for Thelema with that of freemasonry. I believe that is greater than a coincidence. Did Crowley overtly follow what the masons hold properly hid behind thirty-three levels of separation? We all know the masons launched their thirty-three ranges of initiation in honor of the rebellious one-third of the angelic host solid down by God together with Lucifer.
Aleister Crowley’s personal mom referred to him as “the beast.” Did the person who tutored and befriended him share his hatred for Christianity? If that’s the case, the alleged affidavit was in all probability a sham, a deliberate try and hinder the seek for the reality concerning the misplaced years, carried out out of sheer malice. At very least, Douglas’s affiliation with Crowley is a big pink flag that hardly conjures up confidence.
For this reason I fleshed out Abhedananda in some element: to determine his unimpeachable character. Absolutely the abbot and monks at Hemis had been properly conscious on the time of his arrival on the monastery that Abhedananda was a disciple of Ramakrishna whose fame preceded him. This simply explains the swami’s heat welcome. Abhedananda was a kindred spirit, in any case, a monk himself and one aware of each Sanskrit and Pali. My intuitive guess (and it is just a guess) is that when Douglas confirmed up at Hemis, the chief lama in all probability listened to him for about 5 minutes, sufficient to decipher the person, then confirmed him the door. Maybe to avoid wasting face, Douglas conceived the fraudulent affidavit and paid his interpreter to go alongside. This might clarify all the recognized information and is how I learn them. Others can draw their very own conclusions.
Did Jesus survive the crucifixion?
In 1994, the late Indian scholar Fida M. Hassnain printed a most fascinating e book concerning the historic Jesus primarily based on a lifetime of analysis. Hassnain, a Muslim Sufi, graduated from the College of Punjab and early in his profession served as a barrister. After the partition of India, he grew to become a lecturer and ultimately gained the chair of historical past and analysis at Sri Pratap Faculty in Srinagar, Kashmir. In 1954, he was named director of the Kashmir state archives, a submit he held till his retirement. (Fida M. Hassnain, A Seek for the Historic Jesus, 1994, Gateway Books)
Hassnain was particularly within the misplaced years, and over the course of a few years inspecting Sanskrit, Tibetan, Arabic, Persian and Urdu sources was capable of doc the historic presence of Jesus in what’s now Iran and Kashmir. The truth that westerners are unfamiliar with the traditional texts he found by no means diminishes their significance. His splendid e book is extremely beneficial.
Based on Hassnain, in Persia Jesus was often known as Yuzu Asaf. The primary title “Yuzu” is Persian (and Urdu) for Jesus. (The Aramaic equal: “Jesu”) “Asaf” means gatherer. Therefore: Jesus the gatherer (or shepherd?). In time, Hassnain got here to consider that the Koran is principally appropriate concerning the crucifixion. Jesus not solely survived the ugly ordeal on the cross however totally recovered and subsequently relocated to Kashmir, the place he continued to evangelise and lived to a ripe outdated age. I ought to add: and the place he’s nonetheless revered to this present day.
As I thought of the accessible proof, I used to be stunned to search out that it does seem to accord with the Koran’s model of occasions. Capital punishment by crucifixion was a sluggish and agonizing mode of loss of life that usually lasted for days. The Roman intent was to inflict the utmost quantity of ache and struggling for so long as attainable. But, in response to the gospels the crucifixion of Jesus occurred on a single day, Good Friday, and from begin to end lasted not more than three to 6 hours. Jewish legislation forbade crucifixions on the sabbath, and because of this the sentences being carried out on Golgotha needed to be terminated earlier than sundown. They may not proceed in a single day and into Saturday. For this reason the Roman troopers broke the legs of the 2 thieves being crucified subsequent to Jesus. Breaking the legs hastened their loss of life as a result of their legs had been not capable of assist the load of their our bodies. The sagging our bodies severely constrained their capability to breathe, leading to suffocation. This was not carried out within the case of Jesus, nevertheless. As an alternative, in response to John 19: 32-34, a soldier pierced his aspect with a lance, drawing forth blood and water. If the soldier thought Jesus had already expired, he may need kept away from a extra penetrating and deadly thrust of the lance. For these causes, the speculation that Jesus survived the crucifixion is a minimum of attainable.
Within the outdated a part of Srinagar, Kashmir is a tomb that locals consider to be the ultimate resting place of Yuzu Asaf. It is called Rozabal, which suggests “the prophet’s tomb.”Abhedananda really visited the shrine in 1922 whereas passing by Srinagar on his pilgrimage to Ladakh. The construction is hanging in design and look, although run down and in want of renovation. All the home windows are coated with intricately carved wood lattices, every distinguished by a wood cross. Inside is a big wood sepulchre chamber additionally coated with a wood lattice. Throughout the sepulchre is an odd sarcophagus-like object and one other carved cross.
Because of Hassnain’s official place he was granted free entry and so was capable of examine. After many visits, he decided that the brick construction, although not historic, had been constructed atop a a lot older basis of chiseled stonework, most of which is now beneath floor. Contained in the sepulchre close to the headstone Hassnain discovered a stone slab coated with wax. Evidently, many worshippers had used the stone as a platform for devotional candles. When the professor eliminated the wax he was amazed to find the impression of two ft carved within the slab, every with an apparent wound mark. The placement of the injuries means that the left foot had been positioned over the appropriate and {that a} single nail had been used to pierce each ft. In brief, the prophet had been crucified, a mode of loss of life traditionally unknown in central Asia.
A German researcher, Holger Kersten, additionally investigated the location and was additionally allowed into the sepulchre, in all probability due to his affiliation with Hassnain. After I in contrast the pictures in Kersten’s e book with these in Hassnain’s e book, I spotted that what seems at first look to be a sarcophagus is merely a sort of wood cover or protecting. In his e book, Kersten experiences that the precise grave of the prophet lies in an older crypt beneath the ground and is oriented east-west, per Jewish customized. In contrast, the tomb construction and sepulchre are oriented north-south in accord with Islamic custom. Provided that Hindus cremate their useless, it’s evident that Yuzu Asaf was neither Muslim, Buddhist, nor Hindu. (Holger Kersten, Jesus Lived in India, 1986, Component Books)
Information produced by the tomb’s custodian, an aged man, point out {that a} sequence of guardians cared for the location over the centuries, apparently with out interruption. Hassnain additionally found one other historic doc indicating that the primary construction to guard the tomb was constructed as early as 116 CE. Though the location requires persevering with analysis, sadly, Rozabal has been closed to westerners for the reason that September 11, 2001 assaults. It’s yet one more instance of the manifold chilling results of the pretend conflict on terror imposed on the world by US Zionist imperialists.
Mark H Gaffney’s first e book was a pioneering research of Israel’s nuclear weapons program, Dimona: The Third Temple (1989). He additionally researched two books concerning the September 11, 2001 assaults: The 9/11 Thriller Airplane and the Vanishing of America (2008), and Black 9/11 (2nd ed. 2016); and a e book about early Christianity launched in 2004. See beneath. His newest is Deep Historical past and the Ages of Man (2nd ed. 2022). Mark might be reached for remark at [email protected]
